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<title>Multiphonic</title>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">

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<p>A <b>multiphonic</b> is an <a href="Extended_technique" title="Extended technique">extended technique</a> on a <a href="Monophony" title="Monophony">monophonic</a> <a href="Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instrument</a> (one that generally produces only one note at a time) in which several <a href="Musical_note" title="Musical note">notes</a> are produced at once. This includes <a href="Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">wind</a>, <a href="Reed_aerophone" title="Reed aerophone">reed</a>, and <a href="Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass instruments</a>, as well as the <a href="Human_voice" title="Human voice">human voice</a>. Multiphonic-like <a href="Sound" title="Sound">sounds</a> on <a href="String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instruments</a>, both <a href="Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">bowed</a> and hammered, have also been called multiphonics, for lack of better terminology and scarcity of research.

</p><p>Multiphonics on wind instruments are primarily a 20th-century technique, though the brass technique of singing while playing has been known since the 18th century and used by composers such as <a href="Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a>. Commonly, no more than four notes will be produced at once, though for some <a href="Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">chords</a> on some instruments it is possible to get several more.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique">Technique</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Woodwind_instruments">Woodwind instruments</h3></div>

<p>On <a href="Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">woodwind</a> instruments—e.g., saxophone, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, flute, and recorder—multiphonics can be produced either with new fingerings, by using different <a href="Embouchure" title="Embouchure">embouchures</a>, or voicing the throat with conventional fingerings. There have been numerous fingering guides published for the woodwind player to achieve harmonics. Multiphonics on reed instruments can also be produced in the manners described below for brass instruments.

</p><p>It is said to be impossible to recreate exactly the conditions between one player and the next, due to minute differences in instruments, reeds, embouchure, and other things. This, however, is not entirely true; the multiphonic will depend on the room temperature and other such things, but essentially multiphonics sound the same due to the harmonic structure of the multiphonic. A multiphonic fingering that works for one player may not work for that same player on a different instrument, or a different player on the same instrument, or even after switching reeds. This is often the result of slightly different construction of two instruments from different makers.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brass_instruments">Brass instruments</h3></div>

<p>In brass instruments, the most common method of producing multiphonics is by simultaneously playing the instrument and singing into it. When the sung note has a different frequency than the played note (preferably within the <a href="Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic series</a> of the played note), several new notes that are the <a href="Combination_tone" title="Combination tone">sums/differences of the frequencies</a> of the sung note and the played note are produced; leading to the popular term <a href="Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a>/<a href="Trombone" title="Trombone">trombone</a>/<a href="French_horn" title="French horn">horn</a> <a href="Growl_(wind_instruments)" class="mw-redirect" title="Growl (wind instruments)">growl</a>. This technique is also called "horn chords". The tone sung doesn't necessarily have to be in the played tone's harmonic series, but the effect is more audible if it is. The tone quality of brass multiphonics is influenced strongly by the voice of the player.

</p><p>Another method is referred to as "lip multiphonics", in which a brass player alters the airflow to blow between <a href="Harmonic_series_(music)#Partial" title="Harmonic series (music)">partials</a>, in the harmonic series of the slide position/valve. The outcome is just as stable as any multiphonic and perfectly structured. When the frequencies add together or subtract from each other (essentially merge), the fundamental is recreated. For example: A 440 and A 220. This would combine to make 660, creating a new fundamental of the second lowest B of the piano.

</p><p>A third method, known as 'split tones' or <a href="Double_buzz" class="mw-redirect" title="Double buzz">double buzz</a>, produces multiphonics when players make their lips vibrate at different speeds against each other. The most common result is a perfect interval, but the range of intervals produced can vary broadly.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="String_instruments">String instruments</h3></div>

<p>String instruments can also produce multiphonic tones when strings are bowed or hammered (as in piano multiphonics) between the <a href="Harmonic" title="Harmonic">harmonic</a> nodes. This works best on larger instruments like double bass and cello.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another technique involves the rotational oscillation mode of the string, which might be twisted to adjust the rotational tension. Other multiphonic <a href="Extended_techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended techniques">extended techniques</a> used are <a href="Prepared_piano" title="Prepared piano">prepared piano</a>, <a href="Prepared_guitar" title="Prepared guitar">prepared guitar</a> and <a href="3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">3rd bridge</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocal_multiphonics">Vocal multiphonics</h3></div>

<p>The technique of producing multiphonics with the voice is called <a href="Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">overtone singing</a> (typically with secondary resonant structure) or throat singing (typically with additional tones from throat trills).

</p><p>There is another technique done in whistling, where whistlers hum in their throats while whistling with the front parts of their mouths. This is well known for achieving a spacey "ring modulation" sound (e.g. by <a href="Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> in <i><a href="The_Truman_Show" title="The Truman Show">The Truman Show</a></i>). All three vibrations—whistle, voice and throat trill—can be combined also.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_multiphonics_work">How multiphonics work</h2></div>

<p>In general, when playing a wind instrument, the tone that comes out consists of the <i>fundamental</i>—the pitch usually identified as the note being played—as well as pitches with frequencies that are <a href="Integer" title="Integer">integer</a> multiples of the frequency of the fundamental. (Only pure <a href="Sine_wave" title="Sine wave">sine wave</a> tones lack these overtones.) Normally, only the fundamental pitch is perceived as being played.

</p><p>By controlling the air flow through the instrument and the shape of the column (by changing fingering or valve position), a player may produce two distinct tones not part of the same <a href="Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic series</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notation">Notation</h2></div>

<p>Multiphonics may be notated in score in a variety of ways. When exact pitches are specified, one method of notation is simply to indicate a chord, leaving the performer to figure out what techniques are necessary to achieve it. Common on woodwind music is to specify a particular fingering underneath the required note; as different fingerings produce different qualities of sound, a composer who is concerned about the precise effect created may wish to do this. (The same fingering can cause different result on instruments from different manufacturers, due to variations in construction.) Approximate pitches may be specified by wavy lines or in <a href="Tone_cluster" title="Tone cluster">cluster</a> notation to designate acceptable ranges of sound. There is, however, a wide range of notation used to designate multiphonics, with several individual composers preferring notations not in common use. Piano multiphonic notation can include, among other factors, the numbers of sounding partials or fingering distances on the string. Such notations have been developed in recent studies by C. J. Walter and J. Vesikkala.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_literature">Use in literature</h2></div>

<p>The first real use of multiphonics in literature are of the brass "horn chord" style. <a href="Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a> used this technique in <a href="French_horn" title="French horn">horn</a> compositions, leading up to his well-known <a href="Concertino_for_horn_(Weber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concertino for horn (Weber)">Concertino for horn and orchestra</a> of 1815.

</p>

<p>Woodwind multiphonics and brass lip multiphonics did not make appearances in <a href="European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">classical music</a> until the 20th century, with pioneering compositions such as <a href="Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a>'s <i>Sequenzas</i> for solo wind instruments<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Proporzioni</i> for solo flute by <a href="Franco_Evangelisti_(composer)" title="Franco Evangelisti (composer)">Franco Evangelisti</a> using them extensively in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiphonics are widely today used in <a href="Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">contemporary classical music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The technique is used in <a href="Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> as early as the 1920s by <a href="Adrian_Rollini" title="Adrian Rollini">Adrian Rollini</a> on his bass saxophone. Then it was largely forgotten until <a href="Illinois_Jacquet" title="Illinois Jacquet">Illinois Jacquet</a> used them in the 1940s. Multiphonics were also widely used by <a href="John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>, and jazz flautist <a href="Jeremy_Steig" title="Jeremy Steig">Jeremy Steig</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Musical_acoustics" title="Musical acoustics">Musical acoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonic series (music)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cellomultiphonics.blogspot.com/">Cello Multiphonics</a> <i>cellomultiphonics.blogspot.com</i>, accessed 29 January 2023</span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFVesikkala2016" class="citation web cs1">Vesikkala, Juhani (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173537/https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/235006">"Multiphonics of the grand piano : timbral composition and performance with flageolets"</a>. University of Helsinki. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/235006">the original</a> on August 6, 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDistler2006" class="citation web cs1">Distler, Jed (2006-05-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicstoday.com/review/review-12718/">"Berio: Sequenzas - Classics Today"</a>. <i>www.classicstoday.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDrees" class="citation web cs1">Drees, Stefan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musiksalon.universaledition.com/en/article/experiment-und-diskurs-luciano-berios-sequenze-kopie">"Experiment and discourse: Luciano Berio's "Sequenze""</a>. <i>musiksalon.universaledition.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcAlvin2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">McAlvin, Bonnie (2018-04-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/impar/article/view/2290">"Using Flute Physics to Tune Multiphonics"</a>. <i>ÍMPAR: Online Journal for Artistic Research</i> (in Portuguese). <b>2</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">2–</span>18. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34624%2Fimpar.v2i2.2290">10.34624/impar.v2i2.2290</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2184-1993">2184-1993</a>. <q>Early formal usages of flute multiphonics include the Sequenza by Luciano Berio (1958) and Proporzioni by Franco Evangelisti (1958)</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFitzwater2021" class="citation web cs1">Fitzwater, Aleah (January 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notestem.com/multiphonics/">"Multiphonics in Music"</a>. <i>Notestem</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Gerald Farmer, <i>Multiphonics and Other Contemporary Clarinet Techniques</i>, Shall-u-mo Publications, Rochester, New York, 1982</li>

<li>Murray Campbell: "Multiphonics". <a href="New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music</a> Online, ed. L. Macy. Accessed 24 Jan 05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">(subscription access)</a></li>

<li>Richard E. Berg and David G. Stork, <i>The Physics of Sound</i>. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1982.</li>

<li>Ian Mitchell, "Smith, William O(verton) [Bill]", <i><a href="The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>, second edition, edited by <a href="Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and <a href="John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a>. London: Macmillan, 2001.</li>

<li>Kurt Stone, <i>Music Notation in the Twentieth Century</i>. W. W. Norton, New York, 1980</li>

<li><a href="Robert_Dick_(flutist)" title="Robert Dick (flutist)">Robert Dick</a>, <i>The Other Flute</i>. Oxford University Press, 1975</li>

<li>Nora Post, "Multiphonics for the Oboe", <i>Interface</i>, issue 2, pages 113-136. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09298218108570333">10.1080/09298218108570333</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Keenan_(Composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Keenan (Composer)">Paul Keenan</a>, Document accompanying Ph.D. <i>Lip Multiphonics and Composition</i></li>

<li><a href="John_Gross_(musician)" title="John Gross (musician)">John Gross</a>. <i>Multiphonics for the Saxophone: A Practical Guide; 178 Different Note Combinations Diagrammed and Explained</i>, Advance Music, 1999. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/475411398">475411398</a></li>

<li>Randall Hall, <i>Multiphonic Etudes for Solo Saxophone</i>. Reed Music, 2009</li>

<li><a href="Jean-Marie_Londeix" title="Jean-Marie Londeix">Jean-Marie Londeix</a>, <i>Hello! Mr. Sax</i>. Alphonse Leduc, 1989</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBergeron1989" class="citation thesis cs1">Bergeron, Tom (1989). <i>Saxophone Multiphonics: A Scalar Model</i> (DMA thesis). <a href="University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tombergeron.us/download/sax-multiphonics.pdf">2020 edition</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wfg.woodwind.org/fing.html">The Woodwind Fingering Guide, containing multiphonic fingerings</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080610054833/http://www.idrs.org/publications/journal2/jnl10/multi.html">Nora Post, "Multiphonics for the Oboe"</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050131184241/http://home.tiscali.nl/multiphonics/what%20is%20multiphonics.html">"What is multiphonics?", with audio examples</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flute.fingerings.info">The Virtual Flute</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idrs.org/resources/BSNFING/fingmult.htm">Multiphonics for the bassoon, from the International Double Reed Society website</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheetmusicplus.com/title/multiphonics-for-tuba-digital-sheet-music/20108969?ac=1">Multiphonics For Tuba</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Musical_techniques310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Musical_technique" title="Musical technique">Musical techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Articulation_(music)" title="Articulation (music)">Articulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">Bowing</a></li>

<li><a href="Damping_(music)" title="Damping (music)">Damping</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_stop" title="Double stop">Double stop</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_technique" title="Extended technique">Extended technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Fingering_(music)" title="Fingering (music)">Fingering</a></li>

<li><a href="Finger_substitution" title="Finger substitution">Finger substitution</a></li>

<li><a href="Finger_vibrato" title="Finger vibrato">Finger vibrato</a></li>

<li><a href="Glissando" title="Glissando">Glissando</a></li>

<li><a href="Harmonic" title="Harmonic">Harmonics</a></li>

<li><a href="Intonation_(music)" title="Intonation (music)">Intonation</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_phrasing" title="Musical phrasing">Phrasing</a></li>

<li><a href="Pizzicato" title="Pizzicato">Pizzicato</a></li>

<li><a href="Position_(music)" title="Position (music)">Position</a></li>

<li><a href="Slapping_(music)" title="Slapping (music)">Slapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Slide_(musical_ornament)" title="Slide (musical ornament)">Slide</a></li>

<li><a href="Stopped_note" title="Stopped note">Stopped note</a></li>

<li><a href="Thumb_position" title="Thumb position">Thumb position</a></li>

<li><a href="Tremolo" title="Tremolo">Tremolo</a></li>

<li><a href="Vibrato" title="Vibrato">Vibrato</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Saxophone_technique" title="Saxophone technique">Saxophone technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Circular_breathing" title="Circular breathing">Circular breathing</a></li>

<li><a href="Embouchure" title="Embouchure">Embouchure</a></li>

<li><a href="Flutter-tonguing" title="Flutter-tonguing">Flutter-tonguing</a></li>

<li><a href="Growling_(wind_instruments)" title="Growling (wind instruments)">Growling</a></li>

<li><a href="Harmonica_techniques" title="Harmonica techniques">Harmonica technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Overblowing" title="Overblowing">Overblowing</a></li>

<li><a href="Slap_tonguing" title="Slap tonguing">Slap tonguing</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_tone" title="Split tone">Split tone</a></li>

<li><a href="Tonguing" title="Tonguing">Tonguing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Piano_extended_techniques" title="Piano extended techniques">Piano extended techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="Finger_tapping_(piano)" title="Finger tapping (piano)">Finger tapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Luth%C3%A9al" title="Luthéal">Luthéal</a></li>

<li><a href="Three-hand_effect" title="Three-hand effect">Three-hand technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Prepared_piano" title="Prepared piano">Prepared piano</a></li>

<li><a href="String_piano" title="String piano">String piano</a></li>

<li><a href="Tack_piano" title="Tack piano">Tack piano</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">Bowed string instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bowed_string_instrument_extended_technique" title="Bowed string instrument extended technique">Bowed string instrument extended technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Violin_technique" title="Violin technique">Violin technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Cello_technique" title="Cello technique">Cello technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Bariolage" title="Bariolage">Bariolage</a></li>

<li><a href="Pizzicato" title="Pizzicato">Pizzicato</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bart%C3%B3k_pizzicato" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartók pizzicato">Bartók pizz.</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Col_legno" title="Col legno">Col legno</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_bowing" title="Free bowing">Free bowing</a></li>

<li><a href="Martel%C3%A9_(bowstroke)" title="Martelé (bowstroke)">Martelé</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiccato" title="Spiccato">Spiccato</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Downpicking" title="Downpicking">Downpicking</a></li>

<li><a href="Fingerstyle_guitar" title="Fingerstyle guitar">Fingerstyle</a></li>

<li><a href="Flatpicking" title="Flatpicking">Flatpicking</a></li>

<li><a href="Guitar_picking" title="Guitar picking">Picking</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_picking" title="Hybrid picking">Hybrid picking</a></li>

<li><a href="String_bending" title="String bending">String bending</a></li>

<li><a href="Tambour_(guitar_technique)" title="Tambour (guitar technique)">Tambour</a></li>

<li><a href="3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">Third bridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Prepared_guitar" title="Prepared guitar">Prepared guitar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Harp" title="Harp">Harp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Prepared_harp" title="Prepared harp">Prepared harp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Snare_drum_technique" title="Snare drum technique">Snare drum technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Burton_grip" title="Burton grip">Burton grip</a></li>

<li><a href="Cymbal_choke" title="Cymbal choke">Cymbal choke</a></li>

<li><a href="Stevens_grip" title="Stevens grip">Stevens grip</a></li>

<li><a href="Rimshot" title="Rimshot">Rimshot</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vocal_pedagogy" title="Vocal pedagogy">Human voice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Extended_vocal_technique" title="Extended vocal technique">Extended vocal technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Beatboxing" title="Beatboxing">Beatboxing</a></li>

<li><a href="Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li>

<li><a href="Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">Overtone singing</a></li>

<li><a href="Screaming_(music)" title="Screaming (music)">Screaming</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sprechgesang" title="Sprechgesang">Sprechgesang</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="%C3%89tude" title="Étude">Étude</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Musical performance techniques</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Multiphonic&oldid=1288525914">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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